If you’re using a browser like Tor and visiting .onion websites that aren’t accessible through regular search engines or browsers, you’re likely on the dark web. These sites often look basic or outdated, and their URLs are lengthy strings of random letters and numbers. Keep in mind that visiting the dark web isn’t illegal, but engaging in criminal activity there is. The buyers, or “consumers,” are cybercriminals who use these tools to launch illegal activities. The victims, who are common users, businesses, and even banks, who end up paying the price.
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The crawler was implemented in Python and used the Selenium module to launch browsers and to send crawling requests 24. To avoid blocking from the marketplace, we provided as an input to the scraper a session cookie that we obtained by manually logging into the marketplace and solving a Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA). However, some sites, namely, the Empire Market, forced users to log out when the life span of the session cookie was expired.
Darkweb Markets Compete For Drug Trafficking And Illegal Pharmacy Monopoly
Overdoses from opioids, a class of drugs that includes both prescription pain relievers and illegal narcotics, account for more deaths in the United States than traffic deaths or suicides. Overdose deaths involving heroin began increasing in 2000 with a dramatic change in pace, and as of 2014, 61% of drug overdoses involved some type of opioid, inclusive of heroin 1. Deaths involving fentanyl nearly doubled from the previous year’s rate in 2014, 2015, and 2016 2. To reduce opioid-related mortality, there is a pressing need to understand the supply and demand for the product; however, no prior research that provides a greater understanding of the international opioid supply chain has been conducted. The darknet is a mysterious and often misunderstood part of the internet, attracting both intrigue and concern.
What Exactly Is Sold On These Marketplaces?
Below, I’m breaking down each market with everything I’ve picked up—listings, quirks, the works. To better understand the potential bundling relationship of opioid suppliers across different marketplaces, we calculated the Jaccard similarity coefficient between the suppliers in different marketplaces (Figure 6). We found that 182 opioid supplier IDs appeared in both the marketplaces Evolution and Agora from January 2014 to July 2015. In particular, we observed that 84 opioid supplier IDs synchronized similar product listings in both marketplaces at the same time. This might be because the suppliers tend to promote their products across various marketplaces and to increase sales. Our goal here was to identify anonymous forum posts with the topics of opioid commodity promotion (eg, listing promotion) and review (eg, report fake opioid vendors).
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After AlphaBay closed, Abacus Market took its place as the world’s largest underground darknet marketplaces. Abacus Market quickly rose to prominence by attracting former AlphaBay users and providing a comprehensive platform for a wide range of illicit activities. Virtually all drugs sold on the dark web are shipped through the mail. A 2016 LegitScript report prepared for CSIP showed that, without exception, drugs sold through test buys from the surface web were shipped from the country of origin using public (government-run) postal services.
Data Collection
Even after Silk Road went down, dark web marketplaces haven’t slowed down. Stopping their growth takes serious effort from US agencies like the FBI, often working hand-in-hand with international law enforcement. After that, many other marketplaces kept trying to take its place and become the top dark web market.
According to a popular DNM news aggregator, the trouble started when RuTor and OMG! “created a coalition to monopolize the market,” offering a bonus fee as high as 10% to vendors if they relocated their illicit shops there. These insights help us understand why the dark web is increasingly attractive, not only to consumers of illicit drugs but to the people who supply them. Some respondents said that being protected from physical risk on the dark web is not only a benefit for existing drug suppliers, but may also make the activity attractive to people who would not otherwise be willing to sell drugs. More than six years after the demise of Silk Road, the world’s first major drug cryptomarket, the dark web is still home to a thriving trade in illicit drugs.
- We then identified 311 opioid keywords and jargons to recognize 28,106 listings and 13,508 forum traces related to underground opioid trading activities.
- She also found that the psychedelics were virtually always of high quality.
- Postal Service because it searches for suspicious packages by hand, while services like FedEx and DHL use more rigorous, automated methods.
- The only way in is through the use of special software that renders all users anonymous and untraceable.
- BidenCash is another latest marketplace that started in 2022, and is now home to sensitive financial data transactions.
What The EU’s Crackdown On Dangerous Products Online Means For You
One of the key factors driving this shift is the increased focus on security. Boutique dark markets are implementing stricter security measures, including better encryption and multi-layered protections, to safeguard transactions. Buyers and sellers are often subject to vetting processes that reduce fraud and scam risks, making these platforms more reliable and secure for customers. By offering heightened anonymity and stronger defenses against law enforcement, these markets attract criminals who feel they provide a safe environment. Historically, the darknet drug trade has been dominated by large, multi-purpose platforms like AlphaBay and DrugHub.
It offers counterfeit documents, financial fraud tools, hacking and malware services. It has an active forum and community along with an extensive user vetting process. The story of dark web marketplaces kicks off with Silk Road, launched in 2011. It was the first big site where people could anonymously buy drugs using Bitcoin, and it gained a lot of attention, until it was shut down by the FBI in 2013. The first category includes classic marketplaces, which serve as one-stop shops for a wide range of illegal goods. These platforms sell everything from drugs and fake IDs to weapons and hacking tools, resembling a digital black-market bazaar.
Established in 2020, Awazon Market has quickly become one of the most famous darknet marketplaces. You can find a lot of goods and services packed with stealth high-level encryption, no JavaScript, and anti-DDoS protection. Some of the sellers and their ads published at WayWay had references to another marketplace called Solaris. It also has its own forum with the same name for discussions between buyers and sellers.
What Do The ‘Cyber 90s’ Mean For The Eurasian DNM Drug Trade?
Its content is intentionally hidden and requires special browsers to access. No, black market websites operate illegally and pose high risks of scams, fraud, and law enforcement action. Apart from the dark web markets that are operating online today, some raided platforms influenced many markets. Some fake sellers take your crypto and never ship what you ordered, or phishing sites that look like real marketplaces but steal your login info.
The results provide insight into opioid trading in the anonymous markets and forums and may prove an effective mitigation data point for illuminating the opioid supply chain. Dark web markets have exploded in scale and reach in 2025, becoming the most dangerous hubs for trading drugs, stolen data, and hacking tools. These anonymous marketplaces—operating mainly on the Tor network—are now a primary threat vector for businesses and cybersecurity professionals. The first darknet market of notoriety was Silk Road, which opened at the end of January 2011 and was seized by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in October 2013 (DEA, 2013). Silk Road 2.0 was launched soon after the original Silk Road was seized and since that time there has been a proliferation of darknet markets..
Dasgupta et al 18 collected opioid listings on Silk Road to analyze the prices of diverted prescription opioids. Duxbury et al 6 evaluated the role of trust in online drug markets by applying exponential random graph modelling to underground marketplace transactions. The results show that vendors’ trustworthiness is a better predictor of vendor selection than product diversity or affordability. Considering social media data (eg, Twitter and Instagram), Nasralah et al 14 proposed a text mining framework to collect opioid data from social media and analyzed the most discussed topics to profile the opioid epidemic and crisis. Mackey et al 13 collected tweets related to the opioid topic to identify illicit online pharmacies and study the illegal sale of opioids in online marketing.
